Type et méthodes

JULIA possède un système de type et de méthode qui lui confère une approche objet. La fonction typeof() renvoie le type d'une variable de base Int32, Float64... JULIA est conçu pour permettre facilement d'étendre l'environnement à de nouveaux type de variable.

Le types sont organisés suivant un hiérarchie comme on peut le voir sur l'arborescence partielle ci-dessous

(arborescence générée à l'aide de https://github.com/tanmaykm/julia_types/blob/master/julia_types.jl)

+- Any << abstract immutable size:0 >> . +- Number << abstract immutable size:0 >> . . +- Complex128 = Complex{Float64} << concrete immutable pointerfree size:16 >> . . +- Complex = Complex{Float32} << concrete immutable pointerfree size:8 >> . . +- Complex64 = Complex{Float32} << concrete immutable pointerfree size:8 >> . . +- Complex32 = Complex{Float16} << concrete immutable pointerfree size:4 >> . . +- Real << abstract immutable size:0 >> . . . +- Rational = Rational{T<:Integer} << concrete immutable size:16 >> . . . +- FloatingPoint << abstract immutable size:0 >> . . . . +- Float32 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:4 >> . . . . +- BigFloat << concrete mutable pointerfree size:32 >> . . . . +- Float64 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:8 >> . . . . +- Float16 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:2 >> . . . +- Integer << abstract immutable size:0 >> . . . . +- Signed << abstract immutable size:0 >> . . . . . +- Int8 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:1 >> . . . . . +- Int16 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:2 >> . . . . . +- Int128 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:16 >> . . . . . +- Int64 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:8 >> . . . . . +- Int = Int64 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:8 >> . . . . . +- Int32 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:4 >> . . . . +- BigInt << concrete mutable pointerfree size:16 >> . . . . +- Unsigned << abstract immutable size:0 >> . . . . . +- Uint = Uint64 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:8 >> . . . . . +- Uint8 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:1 >> . . . . . +- Uint32 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:4 >> . . . . . +- Uint16 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:2 >> . . . . . +- Uint128 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:16 >> . . . . . +- Uint64 << concrete immutable pointerfree size:8 >>



In [8]:

    
function f(x::Any)
    gamma(x+1)
end









    Out[8]:





f (generic function with 2 methods)



In [9]:

    
function f(n::Integer)
    factorial(n)
end









    Out[9]:





f (generic function with 2 methods)



In [10]:

    
f(3.0)









    Out[10]:





6.0



In [11]:

    
f(3)









    Out[11]:





6



In [12]:

    
f(im)









    Out[12]:





0.4980156681183314 - 0.15494982830177254im



In [13]:

    
f(-2)









    



DomainError
while loading In[13], in expression starting on line 1

 in factorial_lookup at combinatorics.jl:26
 in f at In[9]:2



In [14]:

    
factorial(sqrt(2))









    



`factorial` has no method matching factorial(::Float64)
while loading In[14], in expression starting on line 1



In [84]:

    
abstract Grid # juste en dessous de Any
type Grid1d <: Grid
    debut::Float64
    fin::Float64
    n::Int32
end



In [85]:

    
a=Grid1d(0,1,2)









    



InexactError()
while loading In[85], in expression starting on line 1

 in Grid1d at no file



In [19]:

    
a.debut









    Out[19]:





0.0



In [20]:

    
a.fin









    Out[20]:





1.0



In [21]:

    
a.n









    Out[21]:





2



In [37]:

    
A=speye(3,3)
A[1,2]=2









    Out[37]:





2



In [38]:

    
typeof(A)









    Out[38]:





SparseMatrixCSC{Float64,Int64} (constructor with 1 method)



In [39]:

    
A.rowval









    Out[39]:





4-element Array{Int64,1}:
 1
 1
 2
 3



In [40]:

    
A.colptr









    Out[40]:





4-element Array{Int64,1}:
 1
 2
 4
 5



In [41]:

    
A.nzval









    Out[41]:





4-element Array{Float64,1}:
 1.0
 2.0
 1.0
 1.0



In [33]:

    
A.m









    Out[33]:





3



In [34]:

    
A.n









    Out[34]:





3



In [42]:

    
+









    Out[42]:





+ (generic function with 119 methods)



In [86]:

    
function +(g::Grid1d,n::Integer)
    g.n+=n
    return g
end









    Out[86]:





+ (generic function with 120 methods)



In [87]:

    
a=Grid1d(0,1,2)









    Out[87]:





Grid 1d : début 0.0 , fin 1.0 , 2 éléments



In [88]:

    
a+2









    Out[88]:





Grid 1d : début 0.0 , fin 1.0 , 4 éléments



In [90]:

    
a









    Out[90]:





Grid 1d : début 0.0 , fin 1.0 , 4 éléments



In [92]:

    
2+a









    



`+` has no method matching +(::Int64, ::Grid1d)
while loading In[92], in expression starting on line 1



In [95]:

    
+a









    



`+` has no method matching +(::Grid1d)
while loading In[95], in expression starting on line 1



In [96]:

    
a+[1,2]









    



`+` has no method matching +(::Grid1d, ::Array{Int64,1})
while loading In[96], in expression starting on line 1



In [56]:

    
println(a)









    



Grid1d(0.0,1.0,4)



In [57]:

    
Base.show(a)









    



Grid1d(0.0,1.0,4)



In [73]:

    
function Base.show(io::IO,g::Grid1d)
    print(io, "Grid 1d : début $(g.debut) , fin $(g.fin) , $(g.n) éléments\n")
end









    Out[73]:





show (generic function with 92 methods)



In [74]:

    
a









    Out[74]:





Grid 1d : début 0.0 , fin 1.0 , 4 éléments



In [76]:

    
function Base.size(g::Grid)
    return g.n
end









    Out[76]:





size (generic function with 52 methods)



In [77]:

    
size(a)









    Out[77]:





4



In [78]:

    
abstract Grid # juste en dessous de Any
type Grid1d <: Grid
    debut::Float64
    fin::Float64
    n::Int32
    
    # constructeurs par défaut sans argument
    function Grid1d()
        new(0,0,0)
    end
    
    # constructeurs par défaut avec argument
    function Grid1d(a,b,c)
        if c<=0
            error("pas possible")
        else
            new(a,b,c)
        end
    end
end



In [82]:

    
b=Grid1d(0,1,-1)









    



pas possible
while loading In[82], in expression starting on line 1

 in Grid1d at In[78]:15



In [97]:

    
function Base.det(g::Grid1d)









    



`det` has no method matching det(::Grid1d)
while loading In[97], in expression starting on line 1



In [98]:

    
a









    Out[98]:





Grid 1d : début 0.0 , fin 1.0 , 4 éléments



In [99]:

    
a[1]









    



`getindex` has no method matching getindex(::Grid1d, ::Int64)
while loading In[99], in expression starting on line 1



In [100]:









    



type Grid1d has no field h
while loading In[100], in expression starting on line 1



In [ ]: